Mejora de la durabilidad de compuestos de hormigón sostenibles que comprenden residuos de película metalizada, fibras de envases de alimentos y cenizas de caldera de aceite de palma
Palabras clave:
compuestos de hormigón sostenibles, penetración rápida de cloruro, propiedades de resistencia, residuos de fibras de polipropileno metalizados, resistividad eléctrica.Resumen
El uso de residuos en la fabricación de hormigón sostenible y ecológico es particularmente atractivo debido al bajo costo de los residuos, al ahorro de espacio en los rellenos sanitarios y al desarrollo y mejora de las calidades del hormigón. Este artículo investiga la resistencia y la durabilidad de los compuestos de hormigón ecológico hechos de fibras de envases de alimentos de lámina metalizada (MFP, por sus siglas en inglés) y ceniza de caldera de aceite de palma (POFA, por sus siglas en inglés). Las propiedades exploradas incluyen las resistencias a la compresión y la tensión, la carbonatación, la contracción por secado, la resistividad eléctrica y las pruebas rápidas de penetración de cloruro en mezclas de hormigón. Con cemento Portland ordinario (CPO), se emplearon fibras MFP de 20 mm de longitud y fracciones de 6 volúmenes que variaban de 0 a 1,25 %. Se hicieron otras 6 mezclas de hormigón con 20 % de POFA en lugar de CPO. Los resultados mostraron que la adición de fibras MFP a las mezclas de hormigón reducía su resistencia a la compresión. Y a pesar de tener una reducción menor en la resistencia a la compresión, la inclusión de fibras MFP aumentó significativamente la resistencia a la tracción. Los hallazgos muestran que la combinación de fibras de MFP con POFA afecta sustancialmente la durabilidad del hormigón. La adición de fibras MFP a las mezclas de hormigón dio como resultado una reducción de la carbonatación y la contracción por secado. También se redujo la penetración de cloruros en las muestras mientras que la resistividad eléctrica de las muestras reforzadas aumentó casi un 80 % en comparación con el hormigón ordinario.
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