Dinámica de la comunidad microbiana y generación de electricidad en CCM inoculadas con lodos POME y cultivo electrogénico puro
Palabras clave:
celda de combustible microbiana, dinámicas de comunidades microbianas, efluentes de aceite de palma, lodo, Shewanella.Resumen
Los efluentes del proceso de extracción del aceite de palma (POME por sus siglas en inglés) deben ser tratados antes de su disposición debido a su alto contenido de materia orgánica. En este estudio se evaluó el desempeño eléctrico y la eficiencia del tratamiento de aguas residuales mediante el uso de celdas de combustible microbianas (CCM) para el tratamiento de POME no estéril con una demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) de 200 a 10.000 mg/L. Dado que el tipo de inóculo es un factor clave en el desempeño de las CCM, se evaluaron como inóculo 3 tipos de lodo (lodo metanogénico (LM), lodo facultativo (LF) y lodo seco (LS), obtenidos de las lagunas de tratamiento de POME actuales. El lodo seco (LS) desarrolló una potencia máxima de salida de 3,30 W/m3 al oxidar el 71 % de la DQO proporcionada por el POME (1.000 mg/L). Además, la microbiota del POME crudo contribuyó a un enriquecimiento de la comunidad en el inóculo de LS durante la operación, en la que Geobacter fue el género predominante, alcanzando una generación de corriente de 247 mA/m2 y una densidad de potencia de 2,36 W/m3. Por el contrario, la inoculación con una especie electrogénica pura (Shewanella sp.) condujo a un proceso de diversificación, lo que resultó en una generación de corriente más baja de 52 mA/m2 y una densidad de potencia de 0,10 W/m3. En consecuencia, la dinámica de la comunidad microbiana reveló que la inoculación de CCM tiende a un equilibrio microbiano en el que se logró la generación de una alta densidad de corriente mediante el enriquecimiento microbiano gradual en lugar de una invasión electrogénica externa.
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